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Political-administrative barriers
1.
Different customs procedures
Description
Customs procedures are not fully harmonized between Serbia and Kosovo. Differences in documentation and regulations increase the administrative burden.
Impact on trade
Slower flow of goods.
Possible solution
Harmonization of procedures.
Source: Central European Free Trade Agreement.
2.
Long waits at administrative crossings
Description
Goods can wait for hours or longer due to administrative procedures and checks. This increases transportation costs.
Impact on trade
Higher logistics costs.
Possible solution
Digital document processing.
Sources: World Bank.
3.
Multiple customs checks
Description
This same goods may be subject to multiple successive checks by different institutions. This extends the transport time.
Impact on trade
Slower trade.
Possible solution
Integrated controls.
Sources: Central European Free Trade Agreement.
4.
Various import and export documentation
Description
The required documentation varies depending on the type of goods and the competent authorities. This increases the risk of administrative errors.
Impact on trade
Delays.
Possible solution
Standardization of forms.
Sources: Central European Free Trade Agreement.
5.
Non-recognition of individual certificates
Description
Certificates issued in one economy are not always recognized in another. This leads to the repetition of procedures.
Impact on trade
Higher costs.
Possible solution
Mutual recognition agreements.
Sources: OECD.
6.
Non-recognition of certain public documents
Description
Certain administrative documents require additional certifications or are not accepted without an additional procedure.
Impact on trade
Slower administrative process.
Possible solution
Regional agreements.
Sources: Berlin Process.
7.
Complex permit issuance procedures
Description
Obtaining the necessary permits may involve multiple institutions and different deadlines.
Impact on trade
Extended business start-up.
Possible solution
Unique administrative counter.
Sources: Ministry of Trade.
8.
Frequent regulatory changes
Description
Changes to regulations require constant business adaptation.
Impact on trade
Legal uncertainty.
Possible solution
Greater predictability of the regulatory environment.
9.
Different interpretations of regulations
Description
Regulations can be interpreted differently by different institutions.
Impact on trade
Uncertainty for business owners.
Possible solution
Clear instructions.
10.
Administrative burden on SMEs
Description
The large number of forms and procedures particularly affects small businesses.
Impact on trade
Higher costs.
Possible solution
Simplification of administration.
11.
Insufficient institutional coordination
Description
Cooperation between the competent institutions is not always effective.
Impact on trade
Slower problem-solving.
Possible solution
Regular coordination mechanisms.
12.
Jurisdictional overlap
Description
Multiple institutions may have jurisdiction over the same procedure.
Impact on trade
Lengthier procedures.
Possible solution
Clear division of responsibilities.
13.
Spore administrative procedures
Description
Processing requests often takes longer than expected.
Impact on trade
Delay in business activities.
Possible solution
Digitalization.
14.
Unpredictable regulatory framework
Description
Frequent changes make long-term planning difficult.
Impact on trade
Greater business risk.
Possible solution
A more stable regulatory environment.
15.
Limited institutional dialogue
Description
The business community doesn't always have enough opportunities to participate in policymaking.
Impact on trade
Slower problem-solving.
Possible solution
Regular consultations.
16.
Delays in the implementation of the agreement
Description
Signed agreements are not always applied immediately or in full.
Impact on trade
Limited effects of regional cooperation.
Possible solution
More efficient monitoring mechanisms.
17.
Political tensions
Description
Political crises can directly affect the flow of trade and business security.
Impact on trade
Greater uncertainty.
Possible solution
Preserving the economic dialogue.
18.
Temporary trade restrictions
Description
Occasional administrative measures may restrict the flow of goods.
Impact on trade
Supply chain disruptions.
Possible solution
Predictive procedure.
19.
Insufficient transparency of procedures
Description
Information about the rules is not always easy to access.
Impact on trade
Increased risk of errors.
Possible solution
Unique public portals.
20.
Incomplete digital interoperability
Description
Information systems of different institutions are not sufficiently connected.
Impact on trade
Duplication of administration.
Possible solution
Electronic data interchange.
21.
Lack of unique electronic systems
Description
Businesses use multiple different platforms for the same processes.
Impact on trade
Improve efficiency.
Possible solution
Integrated electronic system.
22.
Restricted access to public information
Description
Regulations and procedures are not always available in a clear manner.
Impact on trade
Increased legal uncertainty.
Possible solution
Open data.
23.
Uneven application of regulations
Description
The same regulations can be applied differently in practice.
Impact on trade
Business unpredictability.
Possible solution
Standardization of practice.
24.
Nedovoljna digitalizacija administrativnih procedura
Description
Deo administrativnih postupaka i dalje zahteva fizičko dostavljanje dokumentacije ili manuelnu obradu zahteva. Ograničena digitalizacija povećava administrativne troškove, produžava vreme obrade i smanjuje efikasnost prekogranične trgovine.
Impact on trade
Sporije administrativne procedure povećavaju vreme potrebno za realizaciju trgovinskih transakcija i stvaraju dodatne troškove za privredne subjekte, posebno kod učestalih ili hitnih isporuka.
Izvori
CEFTA SEED+, Svetska banka, OECD.
25.
Neizvesnost u tumačenju propisa
Description
Privredni subjekti se mogu suočiti sa različitim tumačenjima istih propisa od strane različitih institucija ili službenika. Takva pravna neizvesnost povećava rizik poslovanja i otežava dugoročno planiranje prekogranične trgovine.
Impact on trade
Pravna neizvesnost povećava rizik poslovanja, može dovesti do dodatnih administrativnih troškova i obeshrabriti kompanije da razvijaju dugoročnu prekograničnu saradnju.
Izvori
OECD, Svetska banka, CEFTA.
26.
Ograničeno korišćenje elektronskog potpisa u prekograničnim procedurama
Description
Elektronski potpisi i elektronska dokumentacija nisu uvek međusobno priznati ili prihvaćeni u svim administrativnim postupcima. Zbog toga privredni subjekti često moraju da dostavljaju papirnu dokumentaciju ili koriste dodatne administrativne korake.
Impact on trade
Veći administrativni troškovi i sporija obrada poslovne dokumentacije.
Possible solution
Veće međusobno priznavanje elektronskih usluga i digitalnih identiteta.